LACE | February 14, 1990 | Ballistic Missile Defense Organization | Delta II |
| LacunaSat-2 | November 7, 2020 | — | Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle-DL |
| LacunaSat-3 | September 28, 2020 | — | Soyuz-2.1b |
LAGEOS-1 | May 4, 1976 | — | Delta 2000 |
LAGEOS-2 | October 22, 1992 | — | Space Shuttle |
| Lambda 4S-1 | September 26, 1966 | — | — |
| Lambda 4S-2 | December 20, 1966 | — | — |
| Lambda 4S-3 | April 13, 1967 | — | — |
| Lambda 4S-4 | September 22, 1969 | — | — |
| Lambdasat | July 13, 2014 | — | Antares |
| LAMPO | August 29, 1963 | — | Thor-Agena D |
Landsat 1 | July 23, 1972 | National Aeronautics and Space Administration | Delta 0100 |
Landsat 2 | January 22, 1975 | National Aeronautics and Space Administration | Delta 2000 |
Landsat 3 | March 5, 1978 | National Aeronautics and Space Administration | Delta 2000 |
Landsat 4 | July 16, 1982 | National Aeronautics and Space Administration | Delta 3000 |
Landsat 5 | March 1, 1984 | National Aeronautics and Space Administration | Delta 3000 |
Landsat 6 | October 5, 1993 | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration | Titan 23G |
Landsat 7 | April 15, 1999 | United States Geological Survey | Delta II |
Landsat 8 | February 11, 2013 | United States Geological Survey | Atlas V 401 |
Landsat 9 | September 27, 2021 | United States Geological Survey | Atlas V 401 |
| LANL 97A | 1997 | — | — |
| LaoSat 1 | November 20, 2015 | — | Long March 3B |
| LAPAN-A2 | September 28, 2015 | — | Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle-XL |
| Lapan-TUBsat | January 10, 2007 | — | Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle |
LARES | February 13, 2012 | Italian Space Agency | Vega |
| LARES-2 | July 13, 2022 | Italian Space Agency | Vega C |
| Larets | September 27, 2003 | — | Kosmos-3M |
LASARsat | December 21, 2024 | — | Falcon 9 Block 5 |
| Latinsat-A | December 20, 2002 | — | Dnepr |
| Lawkanat-1 | February 20, 2021 | — | Antares |
LCROSS | June 18, 2009 | Ames Research Center | Atlas V 401 |
LCROSS Earth Departure Upper Stage | June 18, 2009 | — | Atlas V 401 |
| LDREX 2 | October 13, 2006 | — | Ariane 5 ECA |
| LEDsat | August 17, 2021 | Sapienza University of Rome | Vega |
| Lemu Nge | August 16, 2024 | — | Falcon 9 Block 5 |
| LEO 1 | January 12, 2018 | Telesat | Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle-XL |
| LEO 3 | July 18, 2023 | Telesat | Electron |
LEOPARDSat-1 | April 11, 2026 | University of Cincinnati | Falcon 9 Block 5 |
| LEV-1 | September 6, 2023 | — | H-IIA |
| Lewis | August 23, 1997 | National Aeronautics and Space Administration | Athena I |
Libertad 1 | April 17, 2007 | Sergio Arboleda University | Dnepr |
LICIACube | November 24, 2021 | Argotec | Falcon 9 Block 5 |
LightSail-1 | May 20, 2015 | The Planetary Society | Atlas V 501 |
LightSail-2 | June 25, 2019 | The Planetary Society | Falcon Heavy |
LignoSat | November 5, 2024 | — | Falcon 9 Block 5 |
| LilacSat 1 | April 18, 2017 | — | Atlas V 401 |
| LilacSat 2 | September 19, 2015 | — | Long March 6 |
| Lincoln Calibration Sphere 1 | May 6, 1965 | — | Titan IIIA |
Lincoln Experimental Satellite 1 | February 11, 1965 | United States Air Force, MIT Lincoln Laboratory | Titan IIIA |
Lincoln Experimental Satellite 2 | May 6, 1965 | United States Air Force, MIT Lincoln Laboratory | Titan IIIA |
Lincoln Experimental Satellite 3 | December 21, 1965 | United States Air Force, MIT Lincoln Laboratory | Titan IIIC |
Lincoln Experimental Satellite 4 | December 21, 1965 | United States Air Force, MIT Lincoln Laboratory | Titan IIIC |
| Lincoln Experimental Satellite 5 | July 1, 1967 | United States Air Force, MIT Lincoln Laboratory | Titan IIIC |
| Lincoln Experimental Satellite 6 | September 26, 1968 | United States Air Force, MIT Lincoln Laboratory | Titan IIIC |
| Lincoln Experimental Satellite 8 | March 15, 1976 | United States Air Force, MIT Lincoln Laboratory | Titan IIIC |
| Lincoln Experimental Satellite 9 | March 15, 1976 | MIT Lincoln Laboratory, United States Air Force | Titan IIIC |
| Ling Qiao | September 4, 2014 | — | Long March 2D |
LINK | July 3, 2026 | Katalyst Space Technologies | Pegasus |
LISA Pathfinder | December 3, 2015 | European Space Agency | Vega |
| LiteBIRD | 2036 | Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science | — |
LitSat-1 | January 9, 2014 | — | Antares |
Lituanica SAT-1 | January 9, 2014 | Vilnius University | Antares |
Lituanica SAT-2 | June 23, 2017 | Vilnius University | Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle-XL |
| Lixing 1 | August 15, 2016 | Chinese Academy of Sciences | Long March 2D |
LOFTI 2A | June 15, 1963 | — | Thor-Agena D |
LOFTI-1 | February 22, 1961 | — | Thor-Ablestar |
Long Duration Exposure Facility | April 6, 1984 | National Aeronautics and Space Administration | Space Shuttle |
Long Rod | August 13, 1965 | — | Thor-Ablestar |
| Longjiang 1 | May 20, 2018 | — | Long March 4C |
| Longjiang 2 | May 20, 2018 | — | Long March 4C |
| LOSAT-X | July 4, 1991 | — | Delta II |
Low-Earth Orbit Flight Test of an Inflatable Decelerator | November 10, 2022 | Langley Research Center | Atlas V 401 |
| LOXSAT | 2026 | Eta Space | Electron |
| LQSAT | October 7, 2015 | — | Long March 2D |
| LRE | August 29, 2001 | — | H-IIA |
| Luch | December 16, 1994 | — | Proton-K |
| Luch 1 | October 11, 1995 | — | Proton-K |
Luch 5A | December 11, 2011 | Roscosmos State Corporation | Proton-M |
Luch 5B | November 2, 2012 | Roscosmos State Corporation | Proton-M |
Luch 5V | April 28, 2014 | Roscosmos State Corporation | Proton-M |
| Lucky-7 | July 5, 2019 | — | Soyuz-2.1b |
Lucy | October 16, 2021 | Southwest Research Institute, National Aeronautics and Space Administration | Atlas V 401 |
| Ludi Tance 1-01A | January 25, 2022 | — | Long March 4C |
| Ludi Tance 1-01B | February 26, 2022 | — | Long March 4C |
| Ludi Tance-4 01A | August 12, 2023 | — | Long March 3B |
| Lume-1 | December 27, 2018 | — | Soyuz-2.1a |
Luna 1 | January 2, 1959 | S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia | Luna 8K72 |
Luna 10 | March 31, 1966 | Soviet Union | Molniya-M |
Luna 11 | August 24, 1966 | — | Molniya-M |
| Luna 12 | October 22, 1966 | — | Molniya-M |
Luna 13 | December 21, 1966 | Soviet Union | Molniya-M |
| Luna 14 | April 7, 1968 | — | Molniya-M |
Luna 15 | July 13, 1969 | — | Proton-K |
Luna 16 | September 12, 1970 | — | Proton-K |
Luna 17 | November 10, 1970 | — | Proton-K |
| Luna 18 | September 2, 1971 | — | Proton-K |
| Luna 19 | September 28, 1971 | — | Proton-K |
Luna 2 | September 12, 1959 | S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia | Luna 8K72 |
Luna 20 | February 14, 1972 | — | Proton-K |
Luna 21 | January 8, 1973 | — | Proton-K |
| Luna 22 | May 29, 1974 | — | Proton-K |
Luna 23 | October 28, 1974 | — | Proton-K |
Luna 24 | August 9, 1976 | — | Proton-K |
| Luna 24 Descent Craft | August 9, 1976 | — | Proton-K |
Luna 25 | August 10, 2023 | Russian Space Research Institute, Roscosmos State Corporation | Soyuz-2.1b |
Luna 26 | 2027 | Roscosmos State Corporation | Soyuz-2.1b |
| Luna 28 | 2030 | Roscosmos State Corporation | Angara |
Luna 3 | October 4, 1959 | Soviet Union | Luna 8K72 |
Luna 4 | April 2, 1963 | — | Molniya |
| Luna 5 | May 9, 1965 | — | Molniya |
| Luna 6 | June 8, 1965 | — | Molniya |
| Luna 7 | October 4, 1965 | — | Molniya-M |
| Luna 8 | December 3, 1965 | — | Molniya |
Luna 9 | January 31, 1966 | — | Molniya-M |
| Luna E-1 No.1 | September 23, 1958 | — | Luna 8K72 |
Luna E-1 No.2 | October 11, 1958 | — | Luna 8K72 |
Luna E-1 No.3 | December 4, 1958 | — | Luna 8K72 |
| Luna E-1A No.1 | June 18, 1959 | — | Luna 8K72 |
| Luna E-3 No.1 | April 15, 1960 | Academy of Sciences of the USSR | Luna 8K72 |
| Luna E-3 No.2 | April 16, 1960 | Academy of Sciences of the USSR | Luna 8K72 |
Luna E-6 No.2 | January 4, 1963 | — | Molniya |
Luna E-6 No.3 | February 3, 1963 | — | Molniya |
| Luna E-6 No.5 | April 20, 1964 | — | Molniya |
| Luna E-6 No.6 | March 21, 1964 | — | Molniya |
| Luna E-6 No.8 | April 10, 1965 | — | Molniya |
| Luna E-6LS No.112 | February 7, 1968 | — | Molniya-M |
| Luna E-8 No.201 | February 19, 1969 | — | Proton-K |
| Luna E-8-5 No.402 | June 14, 1969 | — | Proton-K |
| Luna E-8-5 No.405 | February 6, 1970 | — | Proton-K |
| Luna E-8-5M No.412 | October 16, 1975 | — | Proton-K |
Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer | September 7, 2013 | Ames Research Center | Minotaur V |
Lunar Flashlight | December 11, 2022 | Jet Propulsion Laboratory | Falcon 9 Block 5 |
Lunar IceCube | November 16, 2022 | National Aeronautics and Space Administration | Space Launch System Block 1 |
Lunar Orbiter 1 | August 10, 1966 | — | Atlas SLV-3 Agena-D |
| Lunar Orbiter 1-5 Series | — | — | — |
Lunar Orbiter 2 | November 6, 1966 | — | Atlas SLV-3 Agena-D |
Lunar Orbiter 3 | February 5, 1967 | National Aeronautics and Space Administration | Atlas SLV-3 Agena-D |
Lunar Orbiter 4 | May 4, 1967 | — | Atlas SLV-3 Agena-D |
Lunar Orbiter 5 | August 1, 1967 | — | Atlas SLV-3 Agena-D |
| Lunar Photon | June 28, 2022 | Rocket Lab | Electron |
| Lunar Polar Exploration lander | 2028 | Indian Space Research Organisation | H3 Launch Vehicle |
Lunar Polar Exploration rover | 2028 | Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency | H3 Launch Vehicle |
Lunar Prospector | January 7, 1998 | Ames Research Center | Athena II |
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter | June 18, 2009 | Goddard Space Flight Center | Atlas V 401 |
Lunar Trailblazer | February 27, 2025 | Jet Propulsion Laboratory | Falcon 9 Block 5 |
| Lunar Volatile and Mineralogy Mapping Orbiter | 2028 | — | — |
LunIR | November 16, 2022 | Lockheed Martin Space | Space Launch System Block 1 |
Lunokhod 1 | November 10, 1970 | Soviet Union | Proton |
Lunokhod 2 | January 11, 1973 | — | Proton-K |
| LUR-1 | August 16, 2024 | — | Falcon 9 Block 5 |
LUVOIR-A | 2039 | — | — |
LUVOIR-B | 2039 | — | — |